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Note: Section [I] is compulsory.
Sections [II] solve any six
questions.
Section
I
CASE
STUDY:
No
Minor Offence
Census data reveals high level of under –
age marriages
Census statics are generally full of surprises. But this one is startling: 6.4 million Indians under the age of 18 are
already married. That’s not all. As many as 1.3 lakh girls under 18 are widowed
and another 56,000 are divorced or separated. The legal marriageable age for
women is 18, for men 21. A century and a half after Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar’s
crusade against child marriage, the practice persists. Obviously, the Child
Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, exists only on paper and has not been able to
deter parents from marrying off under –aged sons and daughters. The incidence
is understandably higher in rural areas, but not low as expected in the cities.
It’s more common in the BIMARU states, with Rajasthan leading the way ironically,
the Act renders all under-age marriages illegal but not void, which means that
an illegally married couple can stay married. It is, therefore, violated with
impunity and hardly anyone is ever hauled up. Despite the fact that child
marriage is a criminal offence, action is rarely taken by the police. Even
civil society remains a passive spectator. There’s not enough penalty-a fine of
Rs.1, 000 and imprisonment up to three shows that the state does not view the
crime seriously.
The
practice is linked to the curse of dowry. “Chhota Chhora dhhej kam mangta” (the
younger the groom, the smaller the dowry demand) justifies many such alliances.
The grimmest part of the scenario is the physical havoc that early marriage
wreaks upon girls who are too young to bear the burden of maternal and child
mortality. There is also the belief that a daughters’ marriage is a scared
obligation that parents must fulfill at the earliest. A new legislation,
Prevention of Child marriages Bill, 2004, to replace the loophole-ridden 1929
Act is awaiting parliament’s approval. But legislation alone is not enough.
Compulsory registration of marriages is one way of tackling the problem.
Creating awareness about the ill-effects of such marriages and mobilizing
committed social workers to intervence are others. However, social workers have
to often function in hostile conditions. The 1992 case of Bhanwari Devi, the
Rajasthan saathin who was raped for preventing a child marriage, is chilling.
In the end only education, economic security and increasing empowerment of
women can eliminate the problem.
Questions
1. Discuss ethically the drawbacks you find
in the under-age marriages?
2. How does the increasing empowerment of
women help eliminate problems if this type?
BUSINESS LAW
Attempt any 10 Questions
1. How are right of lien and stoppage-in-transit affected by sub-sale
or pledge by the buyer?
2. Discuss the rule regarding duration of transit. When does it come of
an end?
3. Comment on the statement,”Delivery does not amount to acceptance of
goods”?
4. State the exceptions to the rule that no one can convey a better
title than what he has.
5. When are the goods said to be
unascertained? What are the rules as to
the transfer of property in the unascertained goods to the buyer?
6. Discuss the implied condition relating to sale by sample?
7. Discuss the doctrine of caveat
emptor and state its exceptions.
8. What is the effect of perishing of goods on the contract of sale?
9. Explain the various methods of creating agency?
10. Pledge can be created only of movable property. Comment.
11. Discuss the position of guarantee in respect of loans to a minor.
12. Does the release by the creditor of one of the sureties discharge
the others?
13. Explain the provisions relating to appointment of directors in
Producer Company.
14. Two separate company wish to amalgamate. State the steps which they
must take for this purpose.
15. Does the failure of inspector to submit his or her report in time
amount to an end to investigation?
16. A, the secretary of the company is also a minority shareholder. He
is removed from the post of secretary. He brings complaint on the ground of
oppression? Advise
17. A single member of a company wishes to challenge the decisions of
the majority. Can he succeed?
18. What new provisions have been made for the protection of interests
of debenture holders?
19. Write a short note on
Consumer Protection Councils.
20. Describe the powers of SEBI relating to the working of the
depository system.
E-BUSINESS
Attempt any Eight questions
1. What is the need of internet security?
What are the various steps of securing different types of data in
e-transaction?
2. What is e-banking? What are the
importance and limitations of e-banking?
3. Write short note on E-business
Opportunities.
4. Explain Customer oriented trends which
drives E-business
5. Explain the concept of E- payment
cards with their advantages and disadvantages.
6. Provide the operational framework of
traditional and E - business applications in commercial banks.
7. Critically examine the various challenges faced by e-Business.
8. Differentiate between e-markets and traditional markets.
9. Describe the implications of the web for managing a small
e-business especially for
small and medium entrepreneurs.
small and medium entrepreneurs.
10. Explain the required business standards and protocols for
e-business solutions.
11.
What is e-commerce? Discuss B2B2C and C2B2C model giving proper examples.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
CASE – 1 Dartmouth
College Goes Wireless
Dartmouth College, one of the oldest in the
United States (founded in 1769), was one of the first to embrace the wireless
revolution. Operating and maintaining a campuswide information system with
wires is difficult, since there are 161 buildings with more than 1,000 rooms on
campus. In 2000, the college introduced a campuswide wireless network that
includes more than 500 Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) systems. By the end of 2002,
the entire campus became a fully wireless, always-connected community—a
microcosm that provides a peek at what neighborhood and organizational life may
look like for the general population in just a few years.
To transform a
wired campus to a wireless one requires lots of money. A computer science
professor who initiated the idea at Dartmouth in 1999 decided to solicit the
help of alumni working at Cisco Systems. These alumni arranged for a donation
of the initial system, and Cisco then provided more equipment at a discount.
(Cisco and other companies now make similar donations to many colleges and
universities, writing off the difference between the retail and the discount
prices for an income tax benefit.)
As a pioneer in
campuswide wireless, Dartmouth has made many innovative usages of the system,
some of which are the following:
·
Students are continuously
developing new applications for the Wi-Fi. For example, one student has applied
for a patent on a personal-security device that pinpoints the location of campus
emergency services to one’s mobile device.
·
Students no longer have to
remember campus phone numbers, as their mobile devices have all the numbers and
can be accessed anywhere on campus.
·
Students primarily use laptop
computers in the network. However, an increasing number of Internet-enabled
PDAs and cell phones are used as well. The use of regular cell phones is on the
decline on the campus.
·
An extensive messaging system
is used by the students, who send SMSs (Short Message Services) to each other.
Messages reach the recipients in a split second, any time, anywhere, as long as
they are sent and received within the network’s coverage area.
·
Usage of the Wi-Fi system is
not confined just to messages. Students can submit their classwork by using the
network, as well as by watching streaming video and listening to Internet
radio.
·
An analysis of wireless traffic
on campus showed how the new network is changing and shaping campus behaviour
patterns. For example, students log on in short burst, about 16 minutes at a
time, probably checking their messages. They tend to plant themselves in a few
favorite spots (dorms, TV room, student center, and on a shaded bench on the
green) where they use their computers, and they rarely connect beyond those
places.
·
Some students invented special
complex wireless games that they play online.
·
One student has written a code that calculates
how far away a networked PDA user is from his or her next appointment, and then
automatically adjusts the PDA’s reminder alarm schedule accordingly.
·
Professors are using
wireless-based teaching methods. For example, students can evaluate material
presented in class and can vote online on a multiple-choice questionnaire
relating to the presented material. Tabulated results are shown in seconds, promoting
discussions. According to faculty, the system “makes students want to give
answer,” thus significantly increasing participation.
·
Faculty and students developed
a special voice-over-IP application for PDAs and iPAQs that uses live two-say
voice-over-IP chat
Questions
1.
In what ways is the Wi-Fi
technology changing the life of Dartmouth students? Relate your answer to the
concept of the digital society.
2.
Some say that the wireless
system will become part of the background of everybody’s life—that the mobile
devices are just an afterthought. Explain.
3.
Is the system contributing to
improved learning, or just adding entertainment that may reduce the time
available for studying? Debate your point of view with students who hold a
different opinion.
4.
What are the major benefits of
the wireless system over the previous wireline one? Do you think wireline
systems will disappear from campuses one day? (Do some research on the topic.)
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
CASE: I Pushing Paper Can
Be Fun
A large city government was putting on a
number of seminars for managers of various departments throughout the city. At
one of these sessions the topic discussed was motivation—how to motivate public
servants to do a good job. The plight of a police captain became the central
focus of the discussion:
I’ve got a real problem with my
officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced rookies, and we send
them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the
contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and
the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires,
accidents, and other emergencies.
The problem occurs when they get
back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike
it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention
hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They
must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is
shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor
reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.
I just don’t know how to motivate
them to do a better job. We’re in a budget crunch, and I have absolutely no
financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we’ll probably have to lay some
people off in the near future. It’s hard for me to make the job interesting and
challenging because it isn’t-it’s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn’t
much you can do about it.
Finally, I can’t say to them that
their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First at all,
they know it’s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely
to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for
some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do
out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their careers the
arrests and interventions are what get noticed.
Some people have suggested a
number of things, like using conviction records as a performance criterion.
However, we know that’s not fair—too many other things are involved. Bad
paperwork increases the chance that you
lose in court, but good paperwork doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win. We tried
setting up the team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but
the officers caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of
reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they bust a gut
when there was on payoff.
I just don’t know what to do.
Question:
1.
What performance problems is the captain trying to correct?
2.
Use the MARS model of individual behavior and performance to
diagnose the possible causes of the unacceptable behavior.
3.
Has the captain considered all possible solutions to the
problem? If not, what else might be done?
PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION
CASE I- A Reply Sent to an Erring Customer
Dear
Sir,
Your
letter of the 23rd, with a cheque for Rs. 25,000/- on account, is to hand. We
note what you say as to the difficulty you experience in collecting your
outstanding accounts, but we are compelled to remark that we do not think you
are treating us with the consideration we have a right to expect.
It
is true that small remittances have been forwarded from time to time, but the
debit balance against you has been steadily increasing during the past twelve
months until it now stands at the considerable total of Rs. 85,000/-
Having
regard to the many years during which you have been a customer of this house
and the, generally speaking, satisfactory character of your account, we are reluctant
to resort to harsh measures.
We
must, however, insist that the existing balance should be cleared off by
regular installments of say Rs. 10,000/- per month, the first installment to
reach us by the 7th. In the meantime you
shall pay cash for all further goods; we are allowing you an extra 3% discount
in lieu of credit. We shall be glad to hear from you about this arrangement, as
otherwise we shall have no alternative but definitely to close your account and
place the matter in other hands.
Yours
truly,
Questions:
1. Comment
on the appropriateness of the sender’s tone to a customer.
2. Point
out the old – fashioned phrases and expressions.
3. Rewrite the reply according to the
principles of effective writing in business.
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT
CASE – 1
Aravali
Hospital was built two years ago, and currently has a workforce of 215 people.
The hospital is small, but because it is new, it is extremely efficient. The
board has voted to increase its capacity from 60 to 180 beds. By this time next
year, the hospital will over three times as large as now, in terms of both beds
and personnel.
The administrator, Maya Joshi, feels that the major problem with this proposed increase is that hospital will lose its efficiency. “I want to hire people who are just like our current team of personnel—hardworking, dedicated talented, and able to interact well with patients. If we triple the number of employees, I do not see how it will be possible to maintain our quality of patient care. We are going to lose our family atmosphere. We will be inundated with mediocrity, and we will end up being like every other institution in the local area—large and uncaring.”
The chairman of the board is also concerned about the effect of hiring such a large number of employees. However, he believes that Joshi is over-reacting. “It cannot be that hard to find people who are like our current staff. There must be a lot of people out there who are just as good. What you need to do is develop a plan of action that will allow you to carefully screen those who will fit into your current organisational culture, and those who will not. It is not going to be as difficult as you believe. Trust me. Everything will work out just fine”.
As a result of the chairman’s comments, Joshi had decided that the most effective way of dealing with the situation is to develop a plan of action. She intends to meet with her administrative group and determine the best way of screening incoming candidates, and then helping those who are hired to become socialised in terms of the hospital’s culture. Joshi has called a meeting for day after tomorrow. At that time, she intends to discuss her ideas, get suggestions from her people, and then formulate a plan of action.
Questions
What
can Joshi and her staff do to select the type of entry-level candidates they
want?
How
can Joshi ensure that those who are hired come to accept the core cultural
values of the hospital? What steps would you recommend?
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