Internal
Assignment No. 1
Master of Business Administration
Paper Code: MBA – 201
Paper Title: Accounting for Managers
Last
date of submission: Max.
Marks: 15
Note
: Question No. 1 is of short answer type and is compulsory for all the
students.
It carries 5 Marks. (Word limits
50-100)
Q.
1. Answer all the questions.
(i)
Write
two objectives of financial statement analysis.
1.Assessment Of Past Performance
Past performance is a good indicator of future performance. Investors or creditors are interested in the trend of past sales, cost of good sold, operating expenses, net income, cash flows and return on investment.
2.Assessment of current position
Financial statement analysis shows the current position of the firm in terms of the types of assets owned by a business firm and the different liabilities due against the enterprise.
3.Prediction of profitability and
growth prospects
Financial statement analysis helps in assessing and predicting the earning prospects and growth rates in earning which are used by investors while comparing investment alternatives and other users in judging earning potential of business enterprise.
4.Prediction of bankruptcy and
failure
Financial statement analysis is an important tool in assessing and predicting bankruptcy and probability of business failure.
5. Assessment of the operational
efficiency
Financial statement analysis helps to assess the operational efficiency of the management of a company. The actual performance of the firm which are revealed in the financial statements can be compared with some standards set earlier and the deviation of any between standards and actual performance can be used as the indicator of efficiency of the management.
(ii)
What
do you mean by Revenue Centre?
In business, a revenue centre or revenue center is a division that
gains revenue from product sales or service provided. The manager in revenue centre is
accountable for revenue only. A revenue centre is one of the five divisions of
a responsibility centre – Cost centre, Revenue centre, profit centre,
contribution centre and investment centre. Cost
centres, like revenue centres, only monitor costs, thereby making them a
counterpart to the revenue centre. Revenue
centres only measure the output (in fiscal standings) and are therefore
marketing establishments which are exempt from profit generation and
accountability thereof.
(iii)
What
is Depreciation? How it is calculated?
Depreciation is an accounting method of allocating the cost
of a tangible asset over its
useful life. Businesses depreciate long-term
assets for both tax and accounting purposes.
It
can calculated by salvage value (scrap
value) of an asset at the end of its life and then subtracts that value from
its original cost. The difference
is equal to the value that is lost during the asset's productive use. Once
figured, this number is divided by the management's best-guess estimate of the
number of years that the asset will be useful.
(iv)
Differentiate
between assets and liabilities.
The main
difference between assets and liabilities is that assets provide a future
economic benefit, while liabilities present a future obligation. An indicator
of a successful business is one that has a high proportion of assets to
liabilities.
There are
several other issues relating to the difference between assets and liabilities,
which are:
§ One must also examine the ability of
a business to convert an asset into cash within a short period of time. Even if
there are far more assets than liabilities, a business cannot pay its
liabilities in a timely manner if the assets cannot be converted into cash.
§ The aggregate difference between
assets and liabilities is equity, which is the net residual ownership of owners
in a business.
(v)
What
is the use of preparing Sales Budget?
A sales budget is a forward-looking financial plan of sales
volume and revenue for a certain period of time (usually a month or a quarter).
Its basic components are the anticipated number of units to be sold, selling
price per unit, and total sales. The sales budget serves as a basis for other
business budgets, as well as for identifying needed process improvements and
determining price increases.
Note: Answer any two questions. Each question
carries 5 marks (Word limits 500)
Q. 2. Discuss
all the concepts of accounting.
Business Entity Concept
According to this concept, the business and the owner of the
business are two different entities. In other words, I and my business are
separate.
For example, Mr A starts a new business in the name and
style of M/s Independent Trading Company and introduced a capital of Rs
2,00,000 in cash. It means the cash balance of M/s Independent Trading Company
will increase by a sum of Rs 2,00,000/-. At the same time, the liability of M/s
Independent Trading Company in the form of capital will also increase. It means
M/s Independent Trading Company is liable to pay Rs 2,00,000 to Mr A.
Money Measurement Concept
According to this
concept, “we can book only those transactions in our accounting record which
can be measured in monetary terms.”
School of
Distance Education & Learning
Internal
Assignment No. 1
Master of
Business Administration / PGDM
Paper Code: MBA– 203
Paper Title: Marketing Management
Last
date of submission: Max.
Marks: 15
Note:
Question No. 1 is of short answer type and is compulsory for all the students.
It carries 5 Marks. (Word limits
50-100)
Q. 1. Answer all the questions:
(i) What is Product life cycle?
The product life cycle is an important concept in marketing.
It describes the stages a product goes through from when it was first
thought of until it finally is removed from the market. Not all products reach this
final stage. Some continue to grow and others rise and fall.
(ii) Name two features of marketing.
Creating a Market Offering:
The second feature of marketing is creating market offering. It
refers to providing complete information about the product and services, e.g.,
providing information about the name of the product and service, type, price,
size, centre of availability, etc. A good market offer is always prepared
keeping in mind the needs and priorities of the customers.
Customer Value:
A buyer analyses the cost and the satisfaction that a product
provides before buying it. When he/she finds that the satisfaction that it
provides outweighs the cost factors, only then he/she buys it.
The seller should manufacture the product keeping in view this
tendency of the customer. A seller who does not pay attention to the importance
that a buyer pays to a product is sure to lag behind in the race of
competition.
(iii) What is MIS?
Management information system, or MIS, broadly refers to a computer-based system that provides
managers with the tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage
departments within an organization. A management information system (MIS) focuses on the management of
information systems to provide efficiency and effectiveness of strategic decision making.
(iv) Why is scanning of environment a crucial task?
Environmental scanning is the acquisition and use
of information about events, trends, and relationships in an organization's
external environment, the knowledge of which would assist management in
planning the organization's future course of action. Organizations scan the
environment in order to understand the external forces of change so that they
may develop effective responses which secure or improve their position in the
future. They scan in order to avoid surprises, identify threats and
opportunities, gain competitive advantage, and improve long-term and short-term
planning.
(v) What is Marketing Audit?
The marketing
audit is a fundamental part of the marketing planning process. It is conducted not only at
the beginning of the process, but also at a series of points during the
implementation of the plan. The marketing audit considers both internal and
external influences on marketing planning, as well as a review of the plan
itself.
Note:
Answer any two questions. Each question carries 5 marks (Word limits 500)
Q.
2. Explain the various types of
promotion techniques used in marketing.
Contests
Contests are a frequently used promotional strategy. Many
contests don't even require a purchase. The idea is to promote your brand and
put your logo and name in front of the public rather than make money through a
hard-sell campaign. People like to win prizes.
Social Media
Social media websites such as Facebook and Google+ offer
companies a way to promote products and services in a more relaxed environment.
This is direct marketing at its best. Social networks connect with a world of
potential customers that can view your company from a different perspective.
Rather than seeing your company as "trying to sell" something, the
social network can see a company that is in touch with people on a more
personal level. This can help lessen the divide between the company and the
buyer, which in turn presents a more appealing and familiar image of the
company.
Mail Order Marketing
Customers who come into your business are not to be
overlooked. These customers have already decided to purchase your product. What
can be helpful is getting personal information from these customers. Offer a
free product or service in exchange for the information. These are customers
who are already familiar with your company and represent the target audience
you want to market your new products to.
Product Giveaways
Product giveaways and allowing potential customers to sample
a product are methods used often by companies to introduce new food and
household products. Many of these companies sponsor in-store promotions, giving
away product samples to entice the buying public into trying new products.
Point-of-Sale Promotion and End-Cap Marketing
Point-of-sale and end-cap marketing are ways of selling
product and promoting items in stores. The idea behind this promotional
strategy is convenience and impulse. The end cap, which sits at the end of
aisles in grocery stores, features products a store wants to promote or move
quickly. This product is positioned so it is easily accessible to the customer.
Point-of-sale is a way to promote new products or products a store needs to
move. These items are placed near the checkout in the store and are often
purchased by consumers on impulse as they wait to be checked out.
Customer Referral Incentive Program
The customer referral incentive program is a way to
encourage current customers to refer new customers to your store. Free
products, big discounts and cash rewards are some of the incentives you can
use. This is a promotional strategy that leverages your customer base as a
sales force.
Causes and Charity
Promoting your products while supporting a cause can be an
effective promotional strategy. Giving customers a sense of being a part of
something larger simply by using products they might use anyway creates a
win/win situation. You get the customers and the socially conscious image;
customers get a product they can use and the sense of helping a cause. One way
to do this is to give a percentage of product profit to the cause your company
has committed to helping.
Branded Promotional Gifts
Giving away functional branded gifts can be a more effective
promotional move than handing out simple business cards. Put your business card
on a magnet, ink pen or key chain. These are gifts you can give your customers
that they may use, which keeps your business in plain sight rather than in the
trash or in a drawer with other business cards the customer may not look at.
Customer Appreciation Events
An in-store customer appreciation event with free
refreshments and door prizes will draw customers into the store. Emphasis on
the appreciation part of the event, with no purchase of anything necessary, is
an effective way to draw not only current customers but also potential
customers through the door. Pizza, hot dogs and soda are inexpensive food items
that can be used to make the event more attractive. Setting up convenient
product displays before the launch of the event will ensure the products you
want to promote are highly visible when the customers arrive.
After-Sale Customer Surveys
Contacting customers by telephone or through the mail after
a sale is a promotional strategy that puts the importance of customer
satisfaction first while leaving the door open for a promotional opportunity.
Skilled salespeople make survey calls to customers to gather information that
can later be used for marketing by asking questions relating to the way the
customers feel about the products and services purchased. This serves the dual
purpose of promoting your company as one that cares what the customer thinks
and one that is always striving to provide the best service and product.
Internal
Assignment No. 1
Master of
Business Administration / PGDHRM
Paper Code: MBAH – 204
Paper Title: Human Resource Management
Last
date of submission: Max.
Marks: 15
Note :
Question No. 1 is of short answer type and is compulsory for all the students.
It carries 5 Marks. (Word limits
50-100)
Q.
1. Answer all the questions:
(i) Differentiate between HRM and HRD.
|
BASIS FOR COMPARISON
|
HRM
|
HRD
|
|
Meaning
|
Human Resource Management refers to the application of principles of
management to manage the people working in the organization.
|
Human Resource Development means a continuous development function
that intends to improve the performance of people working in the organization.
|
|
What is it?
|
Management function.
|
Subset of Human Resource Management.
|
|
Function
|
Reactive
|
Proactive
|
|
Objective
|
To improve the performance of the employees.
|
To develop the skills, knowledge and competency of employees.
|
|
Process
|
Routine
|
Ongoing
|
|
Dependency
|
Independent
|
It is a subsystem.
|
|
Concerned with
|
People only
|
Development of the entire organization.
|
(ii) Define Job Specification.
A job specification describes the knowledge,
skills, education, experience, and abilities you believe are essential to
performing a particular job. The job specification is developed from the job
analysis. Ideally, also developed from a detailed job description, the job specification
describes the person you want to hire for a particular job.
(iii) State the causes of Grievance in an organization
Morality: there are some
rights which must be provided by the company. Which shows morality for the
company:
·
It gives an opportunity to the workers to express
their feelings.
·
The management comes to know that what the workers
think.
·
It highlights the morale of the people.
·
There may be some complaints, which cannot be
solved at supervisory level.
·
They must have been resolved by a systematic
grievance handling procedure.
·
It improves the policies and practices of the
company.
Working environment: an fulfill environment means so many thing for each
staff, they always wants a perfect and wonderful work place for them and to
create a manageable work place, company has to be persuade, and some effective
steps are:
·
Poor working conditions
·
Faulty machines and equipments
·
Attitude of supervisor
·
Behavior of top management
·
Favoritism and nepotism
·
Strained relations
·
Excessive discipline
·
Defective promotion
·
Lay off and retrenchment
·
Inadequate health and safety devices
Economic manners: it’s an effective motivator for the staffs almost all staffs
get motivated for good amount of wages and other relative facilities and
some factors are given below:
·
Wage fixation and revision
·
Payment of overtime
·
Inadequate bonus
·
Demand for welfare and equipments
·
Incentive
·
Allowances
·
Increments
Supervision:some staffs
likes to take responsibilities in different situation, specially, project
management, promotion, and other exiting activities, its attributed by the
interest of the individual staffs, and supervisory is also can be a motivator.
Work group:
·
many employees are unable to adjust with colleagues
·
Suffer from feeling of neglect
·
Victimization an object of ridicule and
humiliation.
Maladjustment of the Employee:
·
Improper attitudes towards work
·
Lack of interest
Internal
Assignment No. 1
Master of
Business Administration / PGDM
Paper Code: MBA – 205
Paper Title: Production and Operations
Management
Last
date of submission: Max.
Marks: 15
Note
: Question No. 1 is of short answer type and is compulsory for all the
students.
It carries 5 Marks. (Word limits
50-100)
Q.
1. Answer all the questions:
(i) Define
operations management.
Operations management refers to the administration of business
practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an
organization. It is concerned with converting materials and labor into goods
and services as efficiently as possible to maximize the profit of an
organization. Operations management is an area of management concerned
with designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the
responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as
few resources as needed and effective in
terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the
process that converts inputs (in the forms of raw
materials, labor and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and/or
services)
(ii) Name any four
factors affecting plant location.
(i) Availability of Raw Materials
(ii) Proximity to Market
(iii) Infrastructural Facilities
(iv) Government Policy
(v) Availability of Manpower
(vi) Local Laws, Regulations and Taxation
(vii) Ecological and Environmental Factors
(viii) Competition
(ix) Incentives, Land costs. Subsidies for Backward Areas
(x) Climatic Conditions
(xi) Political conditions.
(iii) Draw the
input output process diagram.
(iv) What are the
qualitative factor analysis models?
Factors of qualitative factors analysis models
include the firms' websites, which contain a wide range of information.
Quarterly and annual reports, which contain extensive quantitative data, can
yield qualitative information as well. Listening to a company's shareholder
conference call is another way to learn more about the qualitative factors of a
firm. Other information sources include business publications such as The Wall
Street Journal, Forbes and the Financial Times.
visit www.casestudyandprojectreports.com for full assignment answers
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