ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR IIBM MBA EXAM ANSWER

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR IIBM MBA EXAM ANSWER

Organizational Behaviour

 Section A: Objective Type & Short Questions

1.       Scientific Management approach is developed by 

a) Elton Mayo

b) Henry Fayol

c) F.W. Taylor

d) A. Maslow

Ans: c) F.W. Taylor

II. What sort of goals does Management by Objectives (MBO) emphasize? 

a) Tangible, verifiable and measurable

b) Achievable, controllable and profitable

c) Challenging, emotional and constructive

d) Hierarchical, attainable and effective

Ans: a) Tangible, verifiable and measurable

III. What is the most relevant application of perception concepts to OB? 

a. The perceptions people form about each other

b. The perceptions people form about their employer

c. The perceptions people form about their culture

d. The perceptions people from about society

Ans: a. The perceptions people form about each other

IV. Goal setting theory is pioneered by

a. Stacy Adams

b. Charms

c. Edwin Locke

d. F. W. Taylor

Ans: c. Edwin Locke

V. Which of the following is/are not organizational factors causing stress? 

a. Task demand

b. Role demand

c. Role conflict

d. Satisfaction

Ans: c. Role conflict

VI. In which stage of the conflict process does conflict become visible?

a. Illumination

b. Intentions

c. Behavior

d. Cognition

Ans: c. Behavior

VII. In --------------leadership, there is a complete centralization of authority in the leader

a. Democratic

b. Autocratic

c. Free rein

d. Bureaucratic

Ans: b. Autocratic

VIII. Which of the following is not a contingency theory of leadership?

a. LPC theory

b. Path Goal theory

c. Vroom-Yetton-Jago theory

d. Job centered Leadership

Ans: a. LPC theory

IX. A technique to bring changes in the entire organization, rather man focusing attention on individuals to bring changes easily. 

a. Organizational development

b. Organizational change

c. Organizational culture

d. Organizational conflicts

Ans: a. Organizational development

X. Which one is not a Process Based Theory of motivation? 

a) Porter Lawler Theory

b) Mcclelland’s Theory

c) Stacy Adams Theory

d) Vroom’s Theory

Ans: d) Vroom’s Theory

Part B:

1.      Define Scientific Management.

The scientific management movement produced revolutionary ideas for the time—ideas such as employee training and implementing standardized best practices to improve productivity. Taylor’s theory was called scientific because to develop it, he employed techniques borrowed from botanists and chemists, such as analysis, observation, synthesis, rationality, and logic. You may decide as you read more about Taylor that by today’s criteria he was not the worker’s “friend.” However, Taylor must be given credit for creating the concept of an organization being run “as a business” or in a “businesslike manner,” meaning efficiently and productively.

The Scientific Management Theory is well known for its application of engineering science at the production floor or the operating levels. The major contributor of this theory is Fredrick Winslow Taylor, and that’s why the scientific management is often called as “Taylorism”.

The scientific management theory focused on improving the efficiency of each individual in the organization. The major emphasis is on increasing the production through the use of intensive technology, and the human beings are just considered as adjuncts to machines in the performance of routine tasks.

The scientific management theory basically encompasses the work performed on the production floor as these tasks are quite different from the other tasks performed within the organization. Such as, these are repetitive in nature, and the individual workers performing their daily activities are divided into a large number of cyclical repetition of same or closely related activities. Also, these activities do not require the individual worker to exercise complex-problem solving activity. Therefore, more attention is required to be imposed on the standardization of working methods and hence the scientific management theory laid emphasis on this aspect.

The major principles of scientific management, given by Taylor, can be summarized as follows:

§  Separate planning from doing.

§  The Functional foremanship of supervision,i.e. Eight supervisors required to give directions and instructions in their respective fields.

§  Time, motion and fatigue studies shall be used to determine the fair amount of work done by each individual worker.

§  Improving the working conditions and standardizing the tools, period of work and cost of production.

§  Proper scientific selection and training of workmen should be done.

§  The financial incentives should be given to the workers to boost their productivity and motivate them to perform well.

Thus, the scientific management theory focused more on mechanization and automation, i.e., technical aspects of efficiency rather than the broader aspects of human behavior in the organization.

2.      Explain Management by Objectives (MBO). 

Management by objectives is a planning and controlling system, in which the superior and subordinates work together in order to define business objectives and establish targets that are to be achieved by the subordinates, and also determine each individual’s key area of responsibility as regards the results expected. Further, these measures are considered as yardstick to run the unit and also assess the contribution of each individual.

MBO relies on the premise that people tend to perform better when they are known about what is expected from them and when they can associate their personal goals with that of the objectives of the organization. In addition to this, it also proposes that people have interest in establishing goals and comparing the performance against the set target.

MBO, is directed towards raising the performance level of the organization by conspiciosly identifying the measurable goals and end results, which are agreed to the management as well as employees of the organization. Thereafter, the employees participate in formulating the action plan and strategy for the attainment of the goals.

Benefits of Management by Objectives

1.      It facilitates the employees to understand their tasks and duties in a better way.

It is helpful in designing Key Result Area (KRA) for each employee


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